Outline the Learning Theory of Attachments free essay sample

Diagram the learning hypothesis clarification of connections. The learning hypothesis recommends that connection practices are found out through the impersonation of the connection figures meaning they are not inborn. One clarification of how this happens is through Classical Conditioning. In the Learning Theory Classical Conditioning is the shaping of a connection through affiliation. The Learning Theory expresses that when an infant is conceived they normally need food. At the point when the mother takes care of the infant it consequently relates the food which is the essential strengthens with its mom who is the optional fortifies. In this way a connection is framed with the mother since she is giving what the infant needs most. the mother taking care of the infant when the infant cries will imply that the infant discovers that crying will get them food which at that point satisfies the infant, the food is the unconditioned upgrade and the joy from the kid is the unconditioned reaction the essential parental figure is the impartial improvement, after some time the infant will connect the mother with food and the nearness of simply the mother will fulfill the child, the mother is the adapted boost and the infant being glad to see the mother is the molded reaction. We will compose a custom paper test on Blueprint the Learning Theory of Attachments or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Another clarification of how connections are found out as indicated by the Learning Theory is through Operant Conditioning. Operant Conditioning includes fortification or a prize to keep up a relationship. Dollard and Miller expressed that all children are brought into the world with a need to lessen sentiments of yearning. At the point when the mother takes care of the child it goes about as an uplifting feedback or an award on the conduct of the infant. The prize that the infant gets is a positive prize and along these lines the infant is probably going to rehash a similar conduct to incite a similar reaction from the mother. This fortifies the connection bond among mother and youngster since she is the one giving the food. Dollard Miller (1950) utilized the term optional drive theory to depict the procedures of learning a connection through operant and old style molding. Optional drive theory clarifies how essential drives which are basic for endurance, for example, eating when hungry, become related with auxiliary drives, for example, passionate closeness. They stretched out the hypothesis to clarify that connection is a two way process that the guardian should likewise learn, and this happens through negative fortification when the parental figure feels joy in light of the fact that the newborn child is not, at this point troubled.

Higher education Essay Example for Free

Advanced education Essay Antiquated scholar Confucius, who was viewed as the principal proficient educator in China, opened an old-style non-public school in his old neighborhood. The school enlisted progressively 3,000 understudies, and those understudies simply paid an emblematic education cost as certain yields and meat. The old-style non-public school has been followed for over 2000 years. Thusly, the least difficult and most ideal approach to disperse information is free training. China had a nine years’ necessary instruction however it isn't advance with the occasions now. China ought to expand a long time for the mandatory instruction that free training to senior secondary school understudies. With secondary school free instruction, understudies will have equivalent chances to be taught, center around learning and improving, and improve the way of life. Let’s take a gander at those advantages of secondary school free training. Give equivalent open doors Free instruction of senior secondary school can likewise give equivalent open doors as the ordinary child to poor people. In the past time, just well off individuals had opportunity to get instruction, yet some destitute individuals proved unable. Presently, everybody has option to get information. Free training is a key to open the entryways of trust in some keen and poor adolescents. They can have the equivalent open door as the wealth to be instructed. In the article, â€Å"Free instruction gives equivalent opportunities† revealed that the legislature of China had discharged a recently plan of training that giving equivalent open doors in instruction. The administration will consume more capacity to determine instilled issues as expand free training. In numerous Chinese parents’ mind, if their kids have a decent and equivalent start in instruction, it will have a great deal of means and advantages for a child’s future (Zhang Jingya, 2010). We can guarantee that some shrewd and poor understudies can pick up the equivalent possibilities through free training. Free training gives a few points of interest to those individuals who merit it and value it. In today’ society, everyone needs to have a more promising time to come, so it isn't acculturated to lose the better future as a result of the financial issue. Everybody gets the opportunity to have an agreeable life and the best way to make it work out is to have enough information. On the off chance that the general public can give an equivalent opportunity to the high schooler that don't have the condition to be taught, they will offer society a superior tomorrow. Concentrate on learning and Improving Free training of senior secondary school will enable the young people to concentrate on learning and improving. China proclaimed the law on obligatory instruction in 1986. The administration ought to give a nine years necessary instruction that school ought to be liberated from education costs and different costs for every single youngsters. In the event that China broadens a very long time for the necessary instruction to secondary school understudies, it will help a few understudies without stress over the installment of education costs and different costs. They should concentrate on learning and accepting more information. For instance, in the article â€Å"China vows end of country mandatory instruction charges in two years†, writer says that in certain spots that especially in the ruined rustic districts, the law of necessary training didn’t executed on the grounds that neighborhood government couldn’t cost. Numerous schools are driving for keep on gathering costs and charge different incidental expenses on their understudies as intentional gifts, raising support for school development, and after-school mentoring charges (March 5, 2006). Free secondary school instruction will assist understudies with paying more consideration regarding learning not the financial hardship of their family. Moreover, young people in senior secondary school age are about the pubescence. That implies they are not full grown enough in their body and brain. They can’t separate the correct in a truly fitting manner like the grown-up. As the explanation of that, on the off chance that they quit any pretense of going to secondary school as a result of the financial issue and entering society too soon they may lose their direction. It is anything but difficult to such an extent that they commit an error which will impact as long as they can remember, as engaged with a wrongdoing. The free instruction of secondary school can change this circumstance. It is smarter to keep the young people in school so they can learn more information and develop their point of view. Improve the way of life Free instruction of senior secondary school can improve the way of life. Francis Bacon said â€Å"Knowledge is Power†. This sort of intensity should make people’s life increasingly great and bright in light of the fact that information can create numerous things. Free secondary school training would assist more with peopling have advanced education. In the article, â€Å"Knowledge Changes Fate†, the writer said that information turns into the most noteworthy substance of human’s life. It contributes a great deal in the monetary, government assistance and culture of the general public. The establishment that bolsters the film â€Å"Knowledge Changes Fate† needs to communicate the topic that the best way to change your destiny is to be instructed and get more information (Li kasheng, 1999). At the point when individuals are high instructed, they would have more opportunities to accomplish their fantasies and plans. Clearly, advanced education can help individuals to win the furious rivalry and procures more cash. They can carry on with the existence better by being effective. At the point when individuals have advanced education, individuals will consider to improve their own development after take out the battle for essential needs. As they feel fulfilled about their own life, they will do some general public works and chipping in and concern more issues which like the general public issues and condition issues. Along these lines, all the more free training would have positive and upward impacts for the general quality and disapproving in the general public. End As the entirety of the substance of the article states, free instruction of senior secondary school can advantage our general public by various ways. It can give an equivalent chance to the youngster that can't tolerate the expense of instruction, help the high schooler to concentrate on learning and improving, and improve the entire expectation for everyday comforts of the general public. Despite the fact that China is an incredible and prosperous nation today, our training framework despite everything has numerous holes need to improve and the most critical is the free instruction. On the off chance that the desire with the expectation of complimentary instruction works out as expected, China will step in a spic and span future. The old scholar Confucius selected very nearly 3000 understudies and he just charged the education cost of certain yields and meat as the free training. How the antiquated can do this sort of free training, however we can't? The information is significant in light of the fact that it help individuals to change as long as they can remember. On another hand, senior secondary school instruction ought to be free in China. References China promises disposal of country mandatory training charges in two years. (2006). Recovered March 5, 2006, from http://english. peopledaily. com. cn/200603/05/print20060305_248042. html Jingya, Z. (2010). Free instruction gives equivalent chances. Recovered August 6, 2010, from http://english. cntv. cn/program/china24/20100806/100804. shtml Kashing, L. (1999). Information changes destiny. Recovered from http://www. lksf. organization/en/venture/training/information/main01.

Words and Feelings That Often Come up in Marriage

Words and Feelings That Often Come up in Marriage Relationships Spouses & Partners Print Using Words for Different Feelings Words and feelings that often come up in marriage By Sheri Stritof Sheri Stritof has written about marriage and relationships for 20 years. Shes the co-author of The Everything Great Marriage Book. Learn about our editorial policy Sheri Stritof Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Carly Snyder, MD on February 01, 2020 facebook twitter linkedin Carly Snyder, MD is a reproductive and perinatal psychiatrist who combines traditional psychiatry with integrative medicine-based treatments.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Carly Snyder, MD on February 01, 2020 Verywell / Nusha Ashjaee More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse Everyone has moments when they just cant come up with the right word to describe what theyre feeling or trying to say. You might be angry and start sputtering. You may feel overwhelmed and that leaves you speechless. The words are thereâ€"you just cant find them when youre overcome by emotion. Here are some words that describe feelings that frequently crop up in marriages and relationships. You might find the right word here if youre having difficulty expressing yourself. You might not want to consult a list in the heat of the moment, but you can always refer to it if youre trying to write your thoughts down. When Youre Feeling Amorous Amorousâ€"thats a good word right there, isnt it? When youre looking for a word to tell your spouse that youd like to head into the bedroom, to the sofa or even to the hammock, you might say that youre feeling aroused, frisky, intimate, passionate, playful, romantic, seductive, sexy or stimulated. When Youre Feeling Angry The term anger covers a wide scale. You might just be aggravated, agitated, bothered, distressed, disturbed, exasperated, irritated, irked, offended, peeved, provoked or vexed. Then again, something significant or serious may have happened so you feel enraged, furious, incensed, infuriated or outraged.   When Youre Confused   Did she just stay what you think she said? Did she mean it the way it sounded? Youre probably baffled, bewildered, clueless, lost, mixed up, mystified, perplexed, puzzledâ€"or just plain stumped. When Your Back Is to the Wall   When youre accused of some wrongdoing, whether deservedly or not, youll probably feel attacked, blamed,  maybe even cornered. When Youre Scared   Like anger, fright is an emotion that comes in a variety of degrees. You might feel mildly alarmed, anxious, apprehensive, concerned, edgy or nervous.  Or maybe your spouse has just said, Can you sit down? We need to talk. This will most likely bring on a stronger, more visceral reaction and you may feel frantic, paralyzed, petrified or terrified. When Youre Happy   Ah, pleasure. When things are going well and your spouse has just said or done something to light up your world, you might say you feel centered, content, ecstatic, enchanted, elated, excited, exhilarated, fantastic, fulfilled, joyful, jubilant, overjoyed, peaceful, pleased, splendid or thrilled. If the two of you are recovering from a bad spell, you might feel encouraged or optimistic. When Youre Hurt   Hurt covers a spectrum of emotions, too. When your spouse says or does something to hurt you, your feelings can run the gamut from discontent to devastation. You might feel abused, belittled, berated, betrayed, bitter, broken, cheated, condemned, deceived, degraded, humiliated, inadequate, inferior, insignificant, insulted, mistreated, persecuted, rejected, robbed, scorned, small, squashed, stifled, tormented, tortured or wounded.   When Youre Lonely   You can feel lonely in a roomful of people or when youre sitting beside your spouse. Its why you feel lonely in this situation and what happened  to cause your feeling that matters. Maybe you feel abandoned, adrift, alienated, alone, deserted, discarded, disconnected, empty, excluded, forgotten, ignored, incomplete, isolated, invisible, left out, neglected, unneeded, useless, unaccepted, unappreciated or worthless. When You Feel Loved   Hopefully, your spouse makes you feel cherished, needed, pampered, spoiled and treasured.   When You Feel Overwhelmed   Feeling overwhelmed can be good or bad. On the bright side, you may feel amazed, astonished, awestruck, dazed or delighted by something your spouse has done. On the other hand, you may feel ambushed, appalled, disbelieving, horrified, incredulous, overcome, shocked or stunned. When youre overwhelmed not by something that has surprised you but by something that has been going on for a period of time, the weight of the problem might leave you feeling smothered or suffocated. When You Feel Resentful   A lot of things can lead to resentment, but the feeling usually rears its ugly head when you feel shortchanged in some respect. You might say that you feel controlled, judged, manipulated, owned, powerless, repressed, trapped, used, victimized, violated, intimidated or even exploited.   When Youre Sad   Poetry and prose are replete with words to describe sadness. Depending on the degree of your sorrow and what has caused it, you might describe your feeling as blue, bummed, crushed, defeated, dejected, demoralized, destroyed, disappointed, discontented, discouraged, disheartened, disillusioned, dismal, grieving, gloomy, heartbroken, helpless, hopeless, let down or pessimistic. When Youre Sorry   Weve all been there, opening our mouths or taking some action that we instantly regret. You probably feel apologetic, ashamed, guilty, regretful or sheepish â€" or maybe even all these things at once when youve hurt someone you love. When Youre Tired Were not talking about how you feel after a long workday, but rather than feeling that comes over you when youve tried and tried to make things right but to no avail. You might feel burned out, drained, exhausted, fatigued, lifeless, overloaded, stretched and weary. When He Understands Where Youre Coming From   Its a great experience, feeling accepted, complete, listened to and recognized. When Youre Unsure To some extent, these words can go hand-in-hand with confusion. Your spouse has said or done something that youre trying to decipher and figure out. From there, you can decide how to respond. Unsure words come more into play when you think you might understand where your spouse is coming from and youre pretty sure youre not going to like it. Youre probably feeling cautious, guarded, leery, pensive, suspicious, torn and wary. Hopefully, these words will pop into your head the next time you need them, but writing down your favorites wont hurt, either. Why Sharing Feelings With Your Spouse Is Worth the Emotional Risk

Disney s Role As A Monopoly - 1578 Words

Disney is always being bashed about how they portray girls as being beautiful and skinny or how the portray ethnic groups in their movies. Disney also is haggled about being a monopoly and taking over other companies to be the only ones. Disney has been around since 1923, which Walt Disney and his brother started making short films about Mickey Mouse. They began to grow rapidly and eventually became the powerhouse they are today. In this quote by Alexandre Bohas professor at University of Paris says, Major Hollywood studios such as Disney wield a power which comes from a material and ideational preponderance in global markets through the transnational scope of product and symbolic universes†(Bohas). Disney’s Portrayal as a monopoly, its marketing to children and its views from the public eye. The start of the disney monopoly. Disney owns hundreds of different companies ranging from radio stations to hotels. Disney has also acquired big named companies which has helped th em move further up the ladder. In 1995 Disney acquired ABC for 19 million dollars which has been said has been disneys greatest achievement. In 1998 Disney moved into the travel business and offered the Disney Cruise line which went to the caribbean and eventually to Mexico, Alaska, and the Mediterranean. Starting in 1995 Disney and pixar had an agreement where they would split 50-50 cost and split 50-50 of the earns for the next five movies pixar made. In 2005 steve jobs one of the majority shareholderShow MoreRelatedMovie Analysis : Snow White And The Seven Dwarfs1697 Words   |  7 PagesThrough Disney animations Walt Disney has cultivated a society driven by stereotypes on gender roles that have restricted the liberties of young girls and boys alike to explore their own individuality. Disney s brilliance transcended beyond his ability to captivate an audience, his true talent resided within his ability to leave a direct impact on his viewers. As the prominent academic Jack Zip es puts it, The power of Disney s fairytale films does not reside in the uniqueness or novelty of theRead MoreEssay On Mickey Mouse Monopoly711 Words   |  3 Pagesrecongize and have memories when asked about anything relating to Disney. Kids grow up watching Disney movies and dreaming of going to Disney World. Disney has been seen as a symbol of innocence and imagination since its creation in the mid 1900’s. The video Mickey Mouse Monopoly: Disney, Childhood, and Corporate Power was produced to highlight how racism and sexism can be seen throughout the Disney franchise. This video focuses on the Disney movies and how they can influence culture as they are consumedRead MoreThe Portrayal Of Children s Books918 Words   |  4 Pageswith the themes presented in children’s media – including books. As noted by Taylor (2003), Children s books are an important cultural mechanism for teaching children gender roles. If children are exposed to stereotypical images in children’s books, they may adopt these as normative, and may adjust their actions accordingly (Paynter, 2011). Given this, it is important to examine the representation(s) of gender in children’s books. In this paper I will discuss the depiction of gender in children’s booksRead MoreNegative Influence Of Disney1423 Words   |  6 PagesDisney’s stories and products encourage children to follow strict gender roles. In this regard, some argue that Disney is wholesome and innocent, and only wants to make animated films that every family has the opportunity to enjoy. On the other hand, however, others argue that Disney is a corporation, whose ultimate goal is to spread their brand and make a lot of money. In the words of Michael Eisner, CEO of the Walt Disney Co., â€Å"We have no obligation to make history. We have no obligation to makeRead More Insensitive Portrayal of Society and Cultuer in Disney Films1538 Words   |  7 PagesSo Wonderful World of Dis ney The â€Å"Wonderful World of Disney† has been a part of America for as long as I can remember. With its movies, television shows, songs, theme parks, toys, and fictional characters, Disney is the epitome of children’s entertainment. Disney serves as one of the largest sources of entertainment to Americans, which is why it reigns as a commercial success and influence in our country. According to Henry Giroux, a popular critic of the Walt Disney Company, Disney’s immenseRead MoreStereotypical Representations Of Racially Marked Female Bodies760 Words   |  4 PagesAndrea Cameron 130131120 WS 203- OC1 Dr. Bianca Rus June 25, 2015 Assignment #2: Stereotypical Representations of Racially Marked Female Bodies The world of Disney it is not necessarily magic for everyone. In Western popular culture there is an endless buffet serving stereotypical ideologies for racially marked women. The media often relies on representation of articulation of ethnic women as animalistic, inferior and outside the natural. Films tend to utilize signifiers that express race, classRead MoreValue Alignment1385 Words   |  6 PagesValue Alignment One company recognized worldwide for its family oriented services and performances is The Disney Company. The values instilled by The Disney Company (Disney) are one of the biggest contributers to its success. The following will discuss the origins and subsequent evolution of personal and workplace values and will explain how the individual values drive the actions and behaviors. The paper will also analyze the alignment between persoanl values and actions and behaviors as wellRead MoreDisney, Racism, And The Renaissance Era2978 Words   |  12 PagesLindsey Artz 12/3/14 ENGL 316-2 From Fact to Fiction: Disney, Racism, and the Renaissance Era. Disney is a multi-billion dollar industry. Originally founded by the Disney brothers, Walt and Roy E., the company has now become a world-wide phenomenon, diversifying its company into live-action film production, television, and theme parks. It surrounds us every day, in almost every way possible. More importantly however, the Disney industry is known to people world-wide as being one of the top leadersRead MoreMedia Policy Of The United States1458 Words   |  6 PagesWhere the US population grazes, rest of the world will snack — Tunstall and Machin s observation sums up the dominant position of the United States in media leadership. Popularly referred to as the information superpower , the US has an extensive network of communication satellites, it is the largest exporter of cultural products, and is a world leader in electronic commerce. In this paper I will examine how the US government policies, over a period of time, have helped in the consolidationRead MoreThe Power Of Large Media Corporations1426 Words   |  6 Pages Bagdikian (2004), author of The New Media Monopoly, mentions in his book, â€Å"In 1983†¦corporations that owned all the country’s dominant mass media decreased from fifty separate companies to five, in less than twenty years.† There was a significant decrease of large media corporations, which means a few corporations grew so powerful they took over the media industry. In 2006, there were four large media corporations: Time Warner, General Electric, Disney/Cap Cities and Westinghouse (The Nation 2006)

Analysis Of The Article On Views Of Race And Inequality,...

1. Read the attached article (after question 16) and write a short summary and reaction to it. The article â€Å"On Views of Race and Inequality, Blacks and Whites Are Worlds Apart† gives us information and statistics on the differing views on inequality between races. According to the article, African Americans see inequality as more of an issue than Caucasian Americans. It also shows the disparity in thinking about what the country has done and still needs to do in order to help race relations and relieve inequality, with African Americans statistically being much more aware of the problem at hand. The Pew Research Center also asked candidates about their thoughts on former President Barack Obama’s impact on race relations in America as†¦show more content†¦I had trouble really stepping into the shoes of another person and writing as if I was reacting like them. I felt as though I was reacting the way I would react but making a point to mention my race. I th ink this might be more of a fault on my lack of creativity than the structure of the voice journals. 4. How did the Social Review or Service Learning paper help you critically understand a cultural event or a situation? Before doing the Social Review project on Human Trafficking, I did not know a lot about the subject but I was interested in learning more. Because of this, I had to do a lot of research for both my paper and presentation and, in turn, learned a lot. I honestly had no idea that Human Trafficking was as prevalent as it is so I am grateful that this project gave me a reason to look into it further and open my eyes to what an issue it is. The book Half the Sky, which I coincidentally had to read for another class a week after the paper was due, gives a good insight into how women and young girls are trafficked, focusing mainly on sex trafficking. 5. In tracing your family history did it enhance your understanding of who you are and where you come from? Explain why? For this project, I had to start with my father, who was born in America. I already knew most of what he told me so it did not change how I felt. 6. After reading theShow MoreRelatedPoverty, Immigration, Social Welfare, And Imprisonment, By Robert Crutchfield And David Pettinicchio1161 Words   |  5 PagesThe first article, â€Å"Cultures of Inequality: Ethnicity, Immigration, Social Welfare, and Imprisonment†, uses statistical analysis to discuss how race effects poverty, immigration, and welfare in heterogeneous and homogenous countries. The authors, Robert Crutchfield and David Pettinicchio, present two people that had theories on the culture of poverty. They were Banfield and Murray. President Bill Clinton praised Murray’s analysis by claiming that it was correct in all areas, but that his resolutionsRead MoreThe 1960s Feminist Movement Closing The Gender Divide1312 Words   |  6 PagesThe economic stability post WWII allowed for more attention to be focused on Civil Rights. Because of the financial stability, there was more time to think about the future and for exploring the lack of equal rights among d ifferent groups. During World War II, women were trained to do jobs traditionally held by men because the men were at war. Rosie the Riveter was an important figure during the war encouraging women to join the work force and do men s work. After the war, women were expectedRead MoreIf Inequality Is Increasing, Are We Likely to See More Armed Conflict?4618 Words   |  19 Pagesthat there is a linear relationship between inequality and armed conflict; the rise of the former inevitably leads to the increase of the latter. However, in the absence of functioning communism or utopian egalitarianism, we need to concede that our world is full of inequalities, but not all parts of the world are equally ridden by conflict. 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The profiling provided not only a quick way to see evidence of concealment in the vehicle, but included age and race characteristics of possible drivers (Data Collection Resource Center). The controversy is over whether or not there are a disproportionate number of blacks and Hispanics involved with law enforcement that reflects police racism or is it merely the out come of disproportionate minority crime (MacDonald). MacDonald reported theRead MoreThe View of Society on Interracial Marriage Essay2801 Words   |  12 PagesThe View of Society on Interracial Marriage Just three decades ago, Thurgood Marshall was only months away from appoint- ment to the Supreme Court when he suffered an indignity that today seems not just outrageous but almost incomprehensible. He and his wife had found their dream house in a Virginia suburb of Washington, D.C., but could not lawfully live together in that state: he was black and she was Asian. 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These questions provoke the need to understand racial profiling and racism along with what problems are involved and the p ossible solutions. Doesnt the use of race make sense? Isnt it really just good police work? The guarantee to all persons of equal protection under the law is one of the most fundamentalRead MoreThe Combahee River Collective3937 Words   |  16 Pages Our politics initially sprang from the shared belief that Black women are inherently valuable, that our liberation is a necessity not as an adjunct to somebody else s may because of our need as human persons for autonomy. The opening of the second part of The Combahee River Collective Statement, What We Believe, expresses one of the major will of the Third World Feminist studies: making Women a topic of research in its own rights. It s in 1977 that the Combahee River Collective, a US radicalRead MoreCca Written Report South Africa (Demensions of Geert Hofstede)5835 Words   |  24 Pagescountries. 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Davinci Apps Free Essays

string(50) " try to control their desires \(Hofstede, 2011\)\." Abstract The transfer from Davinci Apps to Rome, Italy requires substantial information in order to be informed. This report provides a well-balanced format consisting of critical elements that may be needed during the process. With many similarities as well as distinct differences, this report illustrates many of the needed considerations. We will write a custom essay sample on Davinci Apps or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1 Introduction This report aims to relay critical elements of the operations of Davinci Apps located in Rome, Italy. Beginning with a brief overview detailing the macro-level factors related to the region, this report will turn to a value description utilizing the Hofstede theory. Following these segments will be an analysis of the management and business culture in Italy with reference to the Japan as a comparison. A combination of the components of this report will allow for a comprehensive conclusion alongside three base recommendations for success. This report will evaluate the Roman market in comparison with Japans operation in order to generate applicable operations advice for the new management for Davinci Apps in Rome. 1.2 Macro level Elements The city of Rome, Italy serves as the nation’s capital with a moderate sea side climate (Gfmag.com, 2014). With historical, environmental and cultural tourism draws, there is a dynamic and diverse migrant population (Istat.it, 2014). With a bicameral system of government the two houses, Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic, headed by the Prime Minister dictate law and policy in the nation (Istat.it, 2014). Predominately, the spoken language is Italian, with German and French spoken by a minority of northern regions. With a ninety per cent Roman Catholic population, there is a large Christian cultural expectation (Gfmag.com, 2014). Currently there is an estimated population of 60.9 million and rising with an expectation of near 62 million by 2017 with a median age of 43 (Grmag.com, 2014). Economic factors including composition by GDP factor: agriculture 1%, Industry: 25.2% and services at 72.9 % as of the 2011 estimate (Grmag.com, 2014:1). 2012 saw an increasing unemployment rate of 9.5 followed by a decrease over the 2013 fiscal year (Istat.it, 2014). Standards and Poor’s currently ranks Italy a BBB+ with Moody’s a Baa2 alongside a negative outlook (Grmag.com, 2014:2). 2010 witnessed Italy with an estimated world share of GDP of 2.41 %; however, the 2015 estimate indicates a decrease to 1.98% (Grmag.com, 2014:1). This fact supports the Real GDP numbers that indicate a continual decrease in economic strength for the nation as a whole (Istat.it, 2014:1). However, recent trends suggest that a positive turnaround is possible increasing economic viability (Istat.it, 2014:1). 1.3 Hofstede Value Italy compared to Japan Hofstede’s model is a valued method of assessing cultural differences in order to gain fuller understanding (Signorini, Wiesemes and Murphy, 2009). 1.3.1 Power distance Power distance is commonly identified as â€Å"the extent the less powerful entities within a country expect power to be distributed equally† (Hofstede, 2011:45). Northern Italy scores a 50 which speaks to the preference for equality and decentralisation of power and decision-making (Geert-hofstede.com, 2014:1). However, in Southern Italy the PDI are high and nearly the very opposite of Northern Italy. The related score of 54 illustrates that Japan is similar in this context, speaking to the recognition of value in equality by both cultures (Geert-hofstede.com, 2014). 1.3.2 Individualism This segment has to do with whether people?s self-image plays a cultural role (Hofstede, 2011). .With a score of 76, Italy is rated as an Individualistic culture, which in turn creates a â€Å"me† centred society (Geert-hofstede.com, 2014:1). This effect is felt most in the North where people feel alone in the middle of a big crowd. Southern Italy exhibits less individualistic behaviour which is present in the family network as well as the group each one belongs (Geert-hofstede.com, 2014). In this culture, events including weddings or Sunday lunches cannot be missed. Standing in contrast to the Italian score is the collective score of 46 for Japan, indicating an area of substantial cultural difference (Geert-hofstede.com, 2014). Individualism is often frowned upon by the Eastern approach 1.3.3 Masculinity A high score (masculine) on this segment is indicative of a society driven by competition, success and achievement. Conversely, a lower score (feminine) indicates societal values including caring for others and an increased quality of life (Hofstede, 2011). At 70 Italy is a masculine society – meaning it is very highly success oriented (Geert-hostede.com, 2014:1). As an example that this society holds, their offspring are taught at an early age that competition is beneficial. It is common for the Italian culture to illustrate success by status symbols such as cars, houses, yachts and vacations to exotic countries. This factor adds to the factor that competition among colleagues for making a career can be very strong (Geert-hofstede.com, 2014). Much like Italy Japan ranks as a very masculine society with a rating of 95 (Geert-hofstede.com, 2014). 1.3.4 Uncertainty avoidance This component addresses members of a culture feel that may threaten by ambiguous or events and has created institutions in order to avoid these circumstances (Hofstede, 2011). At 75, Italy scores high on uncertainty avoidance (Geert-hofestede.com, 2014). This is an indication that Italians are not comfortable in uncertain situations. Formality in Italian society is a critical element of day to day activities with this fact represented by the strict Italian penal and civil code (Geert-hofstede.com, 2014). It is common for emotion to play a role in society and culture with individuals that cannot keep them inside and must express them. At a score of 92, Japan is considered one of the most uncertainty avoiding nations in the world (Geert-hofstede.com, 2014). This is an area that is mirrored closely is both cultures, making integration easier. 1.3.5 Pragmatism This element focuses on how people in the past as well as today deal with the fact that so much that happens cannot be truly explained (Hofstede, 2011). In this category Italy’s high score of 61 illustrates that the Italian culture is relatively pragmatic. The people believe that truth depends on the situation, time and context. Boasting a score of 88 Japan is one of the most pragmatic societies (Geert-hofstede.com, 2014). 1.3.6 Indulgence This element is the extent to which people try to control their desires (Hofstede, 2011). You read "Davinci Apps" in category "Essay examples" Weak control is â€Å"indulgence† and strong control is â€Å"restraint†. With the score of 42, Japan is deemed to be a culture of restraint.30 demonstrates that the Italian culture is one of restraint (Geert-hofstede.com, 2014). 2 Business and management culture in Italy 2.1 Values and Globalization As the Geer-hofstede.com (2014) results indicate the Italian culture heavily prefers an equal centre of power. The individualistic nature of the Italian value system will require substantial adjustment on the part of a collective culture Japanese transfer. Erikson (2007) argues that the migrants into the Italian culture often fare well as there are several beneficial transnational entrepreneurship assets. There is a very high Italian cultural value placed on the family, and social functions, which can in turn lead to social acceptance (Society, 2014). The topics of family, food, women, weather and love top the list of common discussions in Rome. This societal value system reaches back to the base difference between the Confucian, or Oriental method of collective thinking that recognizes that each element is related as opposed to the Aristotelian method of treating each component on an individual basis (Noble, Sander and Obenshain, 2013). There is a distinct separation of value as regards the areas of self-expression and autonomy with the individualistic Italian culture, illustrating a lasting commitment to a more outspoken nature (Noble et al, 2013). As a whole, Rome is considered an individualistic culture when compared to the interdependent society of Japan (Tierney, 2014). The Geocentric approach illustrated by the population of Rome recognizes the potential for gain in the emerging markets, making integration popular in the region (Cicione, 2014). 2.2 Decision making With a distinct separation from the Japanese cultural tradition of holism, the Italian culture focuses on analytical decision making utilizing a methodical approach for each individual element (Tierney, 2014). In addition to the highly competitive environment, the shift from the Japanese method of Collectivism to the Italian Individualism will require substantial adjustment for new transfers (Nobel et al, 2014). 2.3 Negotiation Communication Societal differences can have a direct impact on the method of communication and negotiation (Solomon and Schell, 2009). A person living in an individualistic society, such as Italy, will commonly make self-centred decisions (Tierney, 2014). This is opposed to the collective tendency shown in the Japanese culture. Further, the individualistic culture does not place the value on age and experience that the Japanese collective culture does, making each interaction with Italian citizens more complex (Nobel et al, 2013). 2.4 Leadership Cultural Intelligence It is necessary to understand a culture in order to become an effective leader (Nobel et al, 2014). As there is a highly independent nature among the Italians, each of their decisions will be based on what is best for that person, as opposed to the group mentality found in Japanese society. There is a high tendency of the Italian society to want a transactional form of leadership that remains open and prefers teamwork (Euwema, Wendt and Van Emmerik, 2007). Too much oversight in the workplace is construed as a reflection of the individual work tendencies. This stands in sharp contrast to the collective leadership tendencies most firms exhibit in Japan (Nobel et al, 2014). There is a strong need for the Italian culture to possess personal views and objectives, making each one an individualistic effort (Tierney, 2014). However, this element is tempered with the high value on family and collective infrastructure, which is similar in Japan (Nobel et al, 2014). The autocratic strain of lea dership is the found in Italy in contrast to the more Confucian, or male leader approach found in Japan (Nobel et al, 2014). With a much wider acceptance of the female in the role of leadership, there is a reduced amount of social bias associated with the genders, making the Italian culture easy to integrate into (Tierney, 2014). Further, this perception of bias in the workplace is reduced making potential success realistic in the workplace. 3 Conclusion This report has highlighted several elements that should be considered during the coming move. With a clear difference between the Japanese and Italian/Roman cultures, there are many pitfalls to avoid. Yet, the similarities inherent in each culture provide a sound beginning point from which to progress. Three points of advice have been developed as a consequence of this analysis: 1) The Hofstede model as well as the corresponding literature has illustrated the individualistic tendencies of the Roman culture, yet, there is a very strong undercurrent of social associations becoming beneficial. In order to more easily assimilate, both in the work place and socially, find a social expression that actively involves the person with the Italian culture. In this case that could be religion, sports or hobbies that take place in the company of others. 2) In the process of leadership, recognize the individual needs of each person. The Italian society operates in a manner that is based on competition and personal accomplishment rather than the larger collective organisation. In order to foster the best possible work environment there will be a need to amend the workplace expectations. 3) As reflected in the both the Italian and Japanese culture, there is a high value placed on the capacity for a person to have personal restraint and integrity. The best possible method of accruing respect in the work place is to have a plan in place that is both balanced and well considered, and in the presence of controversy present a calm exterior. This will translate into a perception of calm competency, which is highly prized in Roman culture. In the end, this report has illustrated that there are many similar elements between the cultures of Japan and Italy, yet, substantial differences. Will careful consideration alongside informed action, the transfer from the Japan office of Davinci Apps has every expectation of being a well throughout enterprise that will be of great value to each person involved. References Cicione, M. 2014. Culture Traditions in Rome, Italy. [online] Available at: http://traveltips.usatoday.com/culture-traditions-rome-italy-11465.html [Accessed: 17 Mar 2014]. Eriksen, T. H. 2007. Globalization. Oxford: Berg. Euwema, M. C., Wendt, H. and Van Emmerik, H. 2007. Leadership styles and group organizational citizenship behavior across cultures. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28 (8), pp. 1035–1057. Geert-hofstede.com. 2014. Italy – Geert Hofstede. [online] Available at: http://geert-hofstede.com/italy.html [Accessed: 17 Mar 2014]. Gelf, Erez, M. and Aycan, Z. 2007. Cross-cultural organizational behavior. Annu. Rev. Psychol., 58 pp. 479–514. Gfmag.com. 2014. Italy GDP Data Country Report | Global Finance. [online] Available at: http://www.gfmag.com/gdp-data-country-reports/249-italy-gdp-country-report.html#axzz2w6DeKZCE [Accessed: 17 Mar 2014]. Hofstede, G. 2011. Dimensionalizing cultures: The Hofstede model in context. Online readings in psychology and culture, 2 (1), p. 8. Istat.it. 2014. Istat.it. [online] Available at: http://www.istat.it/en [Accessed: 17 Mar 2014]. Kaltenbrunner, A., Arag’On, P., Laniado, D. and Volkovich, Y. 2013. Not all paths lead to Rome: Analysing the network of sister cities. arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.6900. Nobel, D., Sander, J. and Obenshain, C. 2013. Using microworlds to understand cultural influences on distributed collaborative decision making in C2 settings. Shi, X. and Wang, J. 2011. Interpreting Hofstede Model and GLOBE Model: Which Way to Go for Cross-Cultural Research?. International Journal of Business Management, 6 (5). Signorini, P., Wiesemes, R. and Murphy, R. 2009. Developing alternative frameworks for exploring intercultural learning: a critique of Hofstede’s cultural difference model. Teaching in Higher Education, 14 (3), pp. 253–264. Society, N. 2014. Rome Cultural Tips — National Geographic’s Ultimate City Guides. [online] Available at: http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/city-guides/rome-cultural-tips/ [Accessed: 17 Mar 2014]. Solomon, C. and Schell, M. S. 2009. Managing across cultures: The 7 keys to doing business with a global mindset. McGraw-Hill, Inc.. Tierney, W. G. 2008. The impact of culture on organizational decision-making. Sterling, Va.: Stylus Pub. How to cite Davinci Apps, Essay examples

The Hobbit Essay Summary Example For Students

The Hobbit Essay Summary The Hobbit Book ReportThe Hobbit was written by J. R. R. Tolkien and secured as a copyright in 1937. The story is about a short, peaceful creature named Bilbo Baggins who, like most hobbits, is about half as tall as a human, but not nearly as loud. Bilbo resides in his comfortable hole where he leads a very easy-going life. He does, however have a side to himself that wants to go out and explore the world and be adventurous. One day a wizard, named Gandalf, comes to Bilbos house and discovers that he could use an adventure to make a difference in his life. Bilbo declines Gandalfs invitation, but gets dragged into an expedition when Gandalf hires Bilbo as a Burglar to join a group of dwarves. These dwarves, led by Thorin, are going to head to the Lonely Mountain to reclaim treasure stolen from their family by a fierce dragon, named Smaug. Throughout the quest, the party is faced with trouble from trolls, goblins, spiders, and many evil creatures. Bilbo is useful to the group because h e can sneak around very quietly, and explore things without getting caught. This ability to sneak around is ever increased when he stumbles across a magic ring that makes him invisible. Using the ring, Bilbo comes across a way to kill the dragon and reclaim the treasure. He spreads word of Smaugs weak spot and the dragon is killed, but not before an entire town is destroyed. When the treasure is reclaimed, there is much controversy over who gets to claim it. Thorin is, however, unwilling to share the treasure with anyone but the dwarves, and a war brews over it. The good creatures unite and defeat the evil creatures, but as a consequence Thorin is killed in battle. The treasure is then spread peacefully among the good creatures, including Bilbo, and he heads home. When he returns he finds that the other hobbits do no longer wish to interact with Bilbo because of his newfound adventurous ways. He doesnt mind though, because he has gained many friends out of his expedition, who stop b y frequently. The Hobbit is a great story for people who like to leave their present reality, and simply enter a world of fantasy. We will write a custom essay on The Hobbit Summary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This novels most important element was the main character, Bilbo Baggins. The entire story revolves around Bilbos actions, and follows him wherever he goes. This hobbit was a very well-to-do hobbit, and his name was Baggins. The Bagginses had lived in the neighborhood of the hill for time out of mind, and people considered them very respectable, not only because most of them were rich, but also because they never had any adventures or did anything unexpected: This passage describes many aspects of Bilbos life in the beginning of the novel by describing his family and how he lives. One of my personal favorite passages in the novel would be when Bilbo and an evil creature named Gollum are playing a riddle game. The agreement was that if Bilbo wins, he gets to be shown the way out of the cave he is currently lost in, but if Gollum wins he gets to eat Bilbo. Bilbo, fearing for his life, is having trouble coming up with a riddle, but he accidentally says something that is misinterpreted by Gollum as a riddle. What have I got in my pocket? He said aloud. He was talking to himself, but Gollum thought it was a riddle, and he was frightfully upset. Not fair! Not fair! he hissed. It isnt fair, my precious, is it, to ask us what its got in its nassty little pocketses? Bilbo seeing what had happened and having nothing better to ask stuck to his question, What have I got in my pocket? he said louder. I thought the passage was a good example of how Bilbo used sheer luck to get out of his strange predicaments. .u2f46139c4fab848985dcc1d7ad490562 , .u2f46139c4fab848985dcc1d7ad490562 .postImageUrl , .u2f46139c4fab848985dcc1d7ad490562 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2f46139c4fab848985dcc1d7ad490562 , .u2f46139c4fab848985dcc1d7ad490562:hover , .u2f46139c4fab848985dcc1d7ad490562:visited , .u2f46139c4fab848985dcc1d7ad490562:active { border:0!important; } .u2f46139c4fab848985dcc1d7ad490562 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2f46139c4fab848985dcc1d7ad490562 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2f46139c4fab848985dcc1d7ad490562:active , .u2f46139c4fab848985dcc1d7ad490562:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2f46139c4fab848985dcc1d7ad490562 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2f46139c4fab848985dcc1d7ad490562 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2f46139c4fab848985dcc1d7ad490562 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2f46139c4fab848985dcc1d7ad490562 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2f46139c4fab848985dcc1d7ad490562:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2f46139c4fab848985dcc1d7ad490562 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2f46139c4fab848985dcc1d7ad490562 .u2f46139c4fab848985dcc1d7ad490562-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2f46139c4fab848985dcc1d7ad490562:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Issues Of Mannerism EssayThe author (Tolkien) of this novel used third person perspective, and generally long sentences in his nineteen chapters. Dialogue is used often in order to convey what the characters thoughts were at the moment. Tolkien generally wrote in a neutral mood, because he never displayed happiness or sadness. He simply wrote in an informative way so that the reader may gain a perspective of the setting at the time. The first line on page 196 reads, They did not dare to follow the river much further towards the Gate; but they went on beyond the end of the southern spur, until lying behind a hidden rock they could look out and see the dark cavernous opening in a great cliff-wall between the arms of the mountain. This line demonstrates Tolkiens long use of sentences and the fact that he wrote to inform the reader of the surroundings. This was a very easy book to read and was for the most part, exciting the whole way through. I would recommend this book to anyone who simply likes to read because this book tends to be adventurous and allows the reader to follow an incredible journey. This book somewhat reminds me of The Neverending Story, if one likes that movie, then this book would be great for them. The Hobbit Essay Summary Example For Students The Hobbit Essay Summary CHARACTER INTRODUCTIONBILBO BAGGINS: The Hobbit who led the Dwarves to the Lonely Mountain to recla im their treasure from the dragon Smaug. He found the One Ring in Gollum’s caveGANDALF: The Wizard that accompanies Bilbo and the dwarves on their quest. He is well versed in magic spells and often calls upon them to save his comrades. THORIN OAKENSHIELD: Son of the King of Dwarves who were driven from the Lonel y Mountain by Smaug. With the aid of Gandalf and Bilbo he seeks regain his trea sure and the throne. When Smaug died he truly became King under the Mountain, t hough he was killed in combat in the battle of five Armies. SMAUG: The dragon of the Lonely Mountain who hordes the treasure he stole from the dwarves of Dale. We will write a custom essay on The Hobbit Summary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now GOLLUM: He is perfect example of the evil powers of the One Ring. He was born a Hobbit but had the ring too long. It made him into a slimey little creature who only lives to possess the ring. BARD: The archer who killed Smaug. He shot the dragon in the one spot it had no protection. The towns people later considered him a hero. What the people didn’t know it was Bilbo who discovered the weak spot in the dragon’s iron scales. BEORN: An enemy of orcs, he becomes friends with Bilbo and Gandalf. He has th e ability to change forms from human to bear. It is he who determines the outco me of the battle of five Armies. STORY SUMMARYThe book begins with Bilbo Baggins enjoying a pipe after breakfast. Th is is one of his favorite pleasures and he feels quite content in doing so. He is middle-aged, and resides in a clean warm burrow in the ground. One morning Gandalf, a wizard stops by to chat with Bilbo. He informs Bilbo that he is looking for someone to go on an adventure with him. Although Bilbo is tempted he declines, but not before inviting Gandalf for tea the next morning. The next day Bilbo hears his doorbell and he recalls inviting Gandalf for tea, but instead of the wizard at the door, there is a group of dwarves†¦ thirteen in all. Thorin son of the dwarf king starts to outline a plan on how to regain the tr easure stolen by the dragon Smaug. Bilbo is shocked to realize these plans involve him! He then realizes that Gandalf has tricked him by inscribing on his doo r that he was a burglar seeking a job with lots of excitement. With all this talk of quests and glory Bilbo decides to join th e party after all. Gandalf reveals a key and a map of their journey which ends at the Lon ely Mountain. It is there that the treasure of Thorin’s ancestors are kept-guar ded by Smaug. The quest begins and the party meets at the Green Dragon Inn. From there they venture into the Lone-lands. As heavy rains begin to fall, Bilbo notice s that Gandalf is missing. When it starts to pour they stop to investigate a light. There Bilbo finds three trolls grumbling about food. Bilbo decides to live up to title of burglar and attempts to pick one of the trolls pocket. However they quickly capture him. The dwarfs see what’s going on and try to save poor Bilbo†¦ yet all of them except Thorin is caught. Thorin formulates a plan of freeing them but fails. Gandalf returns and occupies the trolls till dawn, then the turn into stone. They group take the two swords and a knife the trolls were carrying. The travelers come across the Secret Valley. There they stop at Elrond ’s Last Homely House. El rond tells them the only way to use the key that Thorin possesses is to wait where the thrush knocks and the setting sun will shine up on the keyhole. The next morning the group heads toward the Misty Mountains. A storm has caused them to seek shelter in a cave. The cave however turns out to be an entrance to the goblin kingdom. Once again the group is captured. Only Gandalf is free, and he slays the Goblin King, and once again free the party from impend ing